LVMREPORT(7) LVMREPORT(7)
lvmreport — LVM reporting and related features
LVM uses single reporting infrastructure that sets standard on LVM
command's output and it provides wide range of configuration settings
and command line options to customize report and filter the report's
output.
Based on functionality, commands which make use of the reporting
infrastructure are divided in two groups:
Report-oriented
These commands inform about current LVM state and their
primary role is to display this information in compendious
way. To make a distinction, we will name this report as main
report. The set of report-only commands include: pvs, vgs,
lvs, pvdisplay, vgdisplay, lvdisplay, lvm devtypes, lvm
fullreport. For further information about main report, see
main report specifics.
Processing-oriented
These commands are responsible for changing LVM state and they
do not contain any main report as identified for report-
oriented commands, they only perform some kind of processing.
The set of processing-oriented commands includes: pvcreate,
vgcreate, lvcreate, pvchange, vgchange, lvchange, pvremove,
vgremove, lvremove, pvresize, vgextend, vgreduce, lvextend,
lvreduce, lvresize, lvrename, pvscan, vgscan, lvscan, pvmove,
vgcfgbackup, vgck, vgconvert, vgexport, vgimport, vgmknodes.
If enabled, so called log report is either displayed solely (for
processing-oriented commands) or in addition to main report (for
report-oriented commands). The log report contains a log of
operations, messages and per-object status with complete object
identification collected during LVM command execution. See log report
specifics for more information about this report type.
When describing reporting functionality and features in this text, we
will use terms row and column. By row we mean series of values
reported for single entity (for example single PV, VG or LV). Each
value from the row then belongs to a column of certain type. The
columns have column headings which are short descriptions for the
columns. The columns are referenced by column names. Please note that
this text is also using term field interchangeably with the term
column. Most of the time the term columns is abbreviated as col in
configuration.
There are common configuration settings and command line options
which apply to both main report and log report. Following lists
contain all of them, separated into groups based on their use.
Common configuration settings:
· Changing report output format, composition and other
output modifiers:
- global/units
- global/suffix
- report/output_format
- report/compact_output
- report/compact_output_cols
- report/aligned
- report/headings
- report/separator
- report/list_item_separator
- report/prefixes
- report/quoted
- report/columns_as_rows
- report/binary_values_as_numeric
- report/time_format
- report/mark_hidden_devices
- report/two_word_unknown_device
· Special settings
- report/buffered
This document does not describe these settings in more detail - if
you need detailed information, including values which are accepted
for the settings, please run lvmconfig --type default --withcomments
<setting>. There are more configuration settings in addition to the
common set listed above, but they are specific to either main report
or log report, see main report specifics and log report specifics for
these settings. Besides configuring reports globally by using
configuration settings, there are also command line options you can
use to extend, override or further specify the report configuration.
Common command line options:
· Definition of the set set of fields to use
- --options|-o FieldSet
Field set to use. See main report specifics and
log report specifics for information about field
sets configured with global configuratin settings
that this option overrides.
- --options|-o+ FieldSet
Fields to include to current field set. See main
report specifics and log report specifics for
information about field sets configured with
global configuration settings that this option
extends.
- --options|-o- FieldSet
Fields to exclude from current field set. See
main report specifics and log report specifics
for information about field sets configured with
global configuration settings that this option
reduces.
- --options|-o# FieldSet
Compaction of unused fields. Overrides
report/compact_output_cols configuration setting.
· Sorting
- --sort|-O+ FieldSet
Fields to sort by in ascending order. See main
report specifics and log report specifics for
information about field sets configured with
global configuration settings that this option
overrides.
- --sort|-O- FieldSet
Fields to sort by in descending order. See main
report specifics and log report specifics for
information about fields sets configured with
global configuration settings that this options
overrides.
· Selection
- --select|-S Selection
Define selection criteria for report output. For
log report, this also overrides
log/command_log_selection configuration setting,
see also log report specifics.
· Changing output format and composition
- --reportformat
Overrides report/output_format configuration
setting.
- --aligned
Overrides report/aligned configuration setting.
- --binary
Overrides report/binary_values_as_numeric
configuration setting.
- --nameprefixes
Overrides report/prefixes configuration setting.
- --noheadings
Overrides report/noheadings configuration
setting.
- --nosuffix
Overrides global/suffix configuration setting.
- --rows
Overrides report/columns_as_rows configuration
setting.
- --separator
Overrides report/separator configuration setting.
- --units
Overrides global/units configuration setting.
- --unquoted
Overrides report/quoted configuration setting.
· Special options
- --configreport ReportName
This defines the ReportName for which any
subsequent -o--columns, -O--sort or -S--select
applies to. See also main report specifics and
log report specifics for possible ReportName
values.
- --logonly
When an LVM command contains both main report and
log report, this option suppresses the main
report output and it causes the log report output
to be displayed only.
- --unbuffered
Overrides report/bufffered configuration setting.
The FieldSet mentioned in the lists above is a set of field names
where each field name is delimited by "," character. Field set
definition, sorting and selection may be repeated on command line
(-o+/-o- includes/excludes fields to/from current list, for all the
other repeatable options, the last value typed for the option on the
command line is used). The Selection is a string with selection
criteria, see also Selection paragraph below for more information
about constructing these criteria.
The main report currently encompasses these distinct subtypes,
referenced by their name - ReportName as listed below. The command in
parenthesis is representative command that uses the main report
subtype by default. Each subtype has its own configuration setting
for global field set definition as well as sort field definition
(listed below each individual ReportName):
· pv representing report about Physical Volumes (pvs)
- report/pvs_cols
- report/pvs_sort
· pvseg representing report about Physical Volume Segments
(pvs --segments)
- report/pvseg_cols
- report/pvseg_sort
· vg representing report about Volume Groups (vgs)
- report/vgs_cols
- report/vgs_sort
· lv representing report about Logical Volumes (lvs)
- report/lvs_cols
- report/lvs_sort
· seg representing report about Logical Volume Segments (lvs
--segments)
- report/segs_cols
- report/segs_sort
· full representing report combining all of the above as a
whole (lvm fullreport)
- report/pvs_cols_full
- report/pvs_sort_full
- report/pvsegs_cols_full
- report/pvseg_sort_full
- report/vgs_cols_full
- report/vgs_sort_full
- report/lvs_cols_full
- report/lvs_sort_full
- report/segs_cols_full
- report/segs_sort_full
· devtype representing report about device types (lvm
devtypes)
- report/devtypes_cols
- report/devtypes_sort
Use pvs, vgs, lvs -o help or lvm devtypes -o help to get complete
list of fields that you can use for main report. The list of fields
in the help output is separated in groups based on which report type
they belong to. Note that LVM can change final report type used if
fields from different groups are combined together. Some of these
combinations are not allowed in which case LVM will issue an error.
For all main report subtypes except full, it's not necessary to use
--configreport ReportName to denote which report any subsequent -o,
-O or -S option applies to as they always apply to the single main
report type. Currently, lvm fullreport is the only command that
includes more than one main report subtype. Therefore, the
--configreport is particularly suitable for the full report if you
need to configure each of its subreports in a different way.
You can enable log report with log/report_command_log configuration
setting - this functionality is disabled by default. The log report
contains a log collected during LVM command execution and then the
log is displayed just like any other report known from main report.
There is only one log report subtype as shown below together with
related configuration settings for fields, sorting and selection:
· log representing log report
- log/command_log_cols
- log/command_log_sort
- log/command_log_selection
You always need to use --configreport log together with -o--options,
-O--sort or -S--selection to override configuration settings directly
on command line for log report. When compared to main report, in
addition to usual configuration settings for report fields and
sorting, the log report has also configuration option for selection -
report/command_log_selection. This configuration setting is provided
for convenience so it's not necessary to use -S--select on command
line each time an LVM command is executed and we need the same
selection criteria to be applied for log report. Default selection
criteria used for log report are
log/command_log_selection="!(log_type=status && message=success)".
This means that, by default, log report doesn't display status
messages about successful operation and it displays only rows with
error, warning, print-type messages and messages about failure states
(for more information, see log report content below).
Log report coverage
Currently, when running LVM commands directly (not in LVM shell), the
log report covers command's processing stage which is the moment when
LVM entities are iterated and processed one by one. It does not cover
any command initialization nor command finalization stage. If there
is any message issued out of log report's coverage range, such
message goes directly to output, bypassing the log report. By
default, that is standard error output for error and warning messages
and standard output for common print-like messages.
When running LVM commands in LVM shell, the log report covers the
whole LVM command's execution, including command's processing as well
as initialization and finalization stage. So from this point of view,
the log report coverage is complete for executed LVM commands. Note
that there are still a few moments when LVM shell needs to initialize
itself before it even enters the main loop in which it executes LVM
commands. Also, there is a moment when LVM shell needs to prepare log
report properly for next command executed in the shell and then,
after the command's run, the shell needs to display the log report
for that recently executed command. If there is a failure or any
other message issued during this time, the LVM will bypass log report
and display messages on output directly.
For these reasons and for completeness, it's not possible to rely
fully on log report as the only indicator of LVM command's status and
the only place where all messages issued during LVM command execution
are collected. You always need to check whether the command has not
failed out of log report's range by checking the non-report output
too.
To help with this, LVM can separate output which you can then
redirect to any custom file descriptor that you prepare before
running an LVM command or LVM shell and then you make LVM to use
these file descriptors for different kinds of output by defining
environment variables with file descriptor numbers. See also
LVM_OUT_FD, LVM_ERR_FD and LVM_REPORT_FD environment variable
description in lvm(8) man page.
Also note that, by default, reports use the same file descriptor as
common print-like messages, which is standard output. If you plan to
use log report in your scripts or any external tool, you should use
LVM_OUT_FD, LVM_ERR_FD and LVM_REPORT_FD to separate all output types
to different file descriptors. For example, with bash, that would be:
LVM_OUT_FD=3 LVM_ERR_FD=4 LVM_REPORT_FD=5 <lvm command>
3>out_file 4>err_file 5>report_file
Where the <lvm_command> is either direct LVM command or LVM shell.
You can collect all three types of output in particular files then.
Log report content
Each item in the log report consists of these set of fields providing
various information:
· Basic information (mandatory):
- log_seq_num
Item sequence number. The sequence number is unique for
each log item and it increases in the order of the log
items as they appeared during LVM command execution.
- log_type
Type of log for the item. Currently, these types are
used:
status for any status information that is logged
print for any common message printed while the
log is collected
error for any error message printed while the log
is collected
warn for any warning message printed while the
log is collected
- log_context
Context of the log for the item. Currently, two contexts
are identified:
shell for the log collected in the outermost code
before and after executing concrete LVM commands
processing for the log collected while processing
LVM entities during LVM command execution
· Message (mandatory):
- log_message
Any message associated with current item. For status log
type, the message contains either success or failure
denoting current state. For print, error and warn log
types, the message contains the exact message of that
type that got issued.
· Object information (used only if applicable):
- log_object_type field
Type of the object processed. Currently, these object
types are recognized:
cmd for command as a whole
orphan for processing group of PVs not in any VG
yet
pv for PV processing
label for direct PV label processing (without VG
metadata)
vg for VG processing
lv for LV processing
- log_object_name
Name of the object processed.
- log_object_id
ID of the object processed.
- log_object_group
A group where the processed object belongs to.
- log_object_group_id
An ID of a group where the processed object belongs to.
· Numeric status (used only if applicable)
- log_errno
Error number associated with current item.
- log_ret_code
Rreturn code associated with current item.
You can also run <lvm_command> --configreport log -o help to to
display complete list of fields that you may use for the log report.
Selection is used for a report to display only rows that match
selection criteria. All rows are displayed with the additional
selected field (-o selected) displaying 1 if the row matches the
Selection and 0 otherwise. The selection criteria are a set of
statements combined by logical and grouping operators. The statement
consists of a field name for which a set of valid values is defined
using comparison operators. For complete list of fields names that
you can use in selection, see the output of <lvm_command> -S help.
The help output also contains type of values that each field displays
enclosed in brackets.
List of operators recognized in selection criteria
· Comparison operators (cmp_op)
=~ matching regular expression.
!~ not matching regular expression.
= equal to.
!= not equal to.
>= greater than or equal to.
> greater than
<= less than or equal to.
< less than.
· Binary logical operators (cmp_log)
&& all fields must match
, all fields must match
|| at least one field must match
# at least one field must match
· Unary logical operators
! logical negation
· Grouping operators
( left parenthesis
) right parenthesis
[ list start
] list end
{ list subset start
} list subset end
Field types and selection operands
Field type restricts the set of operators and values that you may use
with the field when defining selection criteria. You can see field
type for each field if you run <lvm command> -S help where you can
find the type name enclosed in square brackets. Currently, LVM
recognizes these field types in reports:
· string for set of characters (for each string field type,
you can use either string or regular expression - regex for
the value used in selection criteria)
· string list for set of strings
· number for integer value
· size for integer or floating point number with size unit
suffix (see also lvcreate(8) man page and description for
"-L--size" option for the list of recognized suffixes)
· percent for floating point number with or without "%"
suffix (e.g. 50 or 50%)
· time for time values
When using string list in selection criteria, there are several ways
how LVM can match string list fields from report, depending on what
list grouping operator is used and what item separator is used within
that set of items. Also, note that order of items does not matter
here.
· matching the set strictly where all items must match - use
[ ], e.g. ["a","b","c"]
· matching a subset of the set - use { } with "," or "&&" as
item delimiter, e.g. {"a","b","c"}
· matching an intersection with the set - use { } with "#" or
"||" as item delimiter, e.g. {"a" || "b" || "c"}
When using time in your selection criteria, LVM can recognize various
time formats using standard, absolute or freeform expressions. For
examples demonstrating time expressions in selection criteria, see
EXAMPLES section.
· Standard time format
- date
YYYY-MM-DD
YYYY-MM, auto DD=1
YYYY, auto MM=01 and DD=01
- time
hh:mm:ss
hh:mm, auto ss=0
hh, auto mm=0, auto ss=0
- timezone
+hh:mm or -hh:mm
+hh or -hh
The full date/time specification is YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss.
Users are able to leave date/time parts from right to left.
Whenever these parts are left out, a range is assumed
automatically with second granularity. For example:
"2015-07-07 9:51" means range of "2015-07-07
9:51:00" - "2015-07-07 9:51:59".
"2015-07" means range of "2015-07-01 0:00:00" -
"2015-07-31 23:59:59"
"2015" means range of "2015-01-01 0:00:00" -
"2015-12-31 23:59:59"
· Absolute time format
Absolute time is defined as number of seconds since the
Epoch (1970:01:01 00:00 +00:00).
- @seconds
· Freeform time format
- weekday names ("Sunday" - "Saturday" or abbreviated as
"Sun" - "Sat")
- labels for points in time ("noon", "midnight")
- labels for a day relative to current day ("today",
"yesterday")
- points back in time with relative offset from today (N
is a number)
"N" "seconds" / "minutes" / "hours" / "days" /
"weeks" / "years" "ago"
"N" "secs" / "mins" / "hrs" ... "ago"
"N" "s" / "m" / "h" ... "ago"
- time specification either in hh:mm:ss format or with
AM/PM suffixes
- month names ("January" - "December" or abbreviated as
"Jan" - "Dec")
Informal grammar specification
STATEMENT = column cmp_op VALUE | STATEMENT log_op
STATEMENT | (STATEMENT) | !(STATEMENT)
VALUE = [VALUE log_op VALUE]
For list-based types: string list. Matches strictly.
The log_op must always be of one type within the whole
list value.
VALUE = {VALUE log_op VALUE}
For list-based types: string list. Matches a subset.
The log_op must always be of one type within the whole
list value.
VALUE = value
For scalar types: number, size, percent, string (or
string regex).
Basic usage
We start our examples with default configuration - lvmconfig(8) is
helpful command to display configuration settings which are currently
used, including all configuration related to reporting. We will use
it throughout examples below to display current configuration.
# lvmconfig --type full global/units global/suffix \
report/output_format report/compact_output \
report/compact_output_cols report/aligned \
report/headings report/separator \
report/list_item_separator report/prefixes \
report/quoted report/columns_as_rows \
report/binary_values_as_numeric report/time_format \
report/mark_hidden_devices report/two_word_unknown_device \
report/buffered
units="h"
suffix=1
output_format="basic"
compact_output=0
compact_output_cols=""
aligned=1
headings=1
separator=" "
list_item_separator=","
prefixes=0
quoted=1
columns_as_rows=0
binary_values_as_numeric=0
time_format="%Y-%m-%d %T %z"
mark_hidden_devices=1
two_word_unknown_device=0
buffered=1
Also, we start with simple LVM layout with two PVs (/dev/sda,
/dev/sdb), VG (vg) and two LVs (lvol0 and lvol1) in the VG. We
display all possible reports as single commands here, see also
pvs(8), vgs(8), lvs(8) man pages for more information. The field set
for each report type is configured with configuration settings as we
already mentioned in main report specifics section in this man page.
# lvmconfig --type full report/pvs_cols report/pvs_sort \
report/pvsegs_cols report/pvsegs_sort report/vgs_cols \
report/vgs_sort report/lvs_cols report/lvs_sort \
report/segs_cols report/segs_sort
pvs_cols="pv_name,vg_name,pv_fmt,pv_attr,pv_size,pv_free"
pvs_sort="pv_name"
pvsegs_cols="pv_name,vg_name,pv_fmt,pv_attr,pv_size,pv_free,
pvseg_start,pvseg_size"
pvsegs_sort="pv_name,pvseg_start"
vgs_cols="vg_name,pv_count,lv_count,snap_count,vg_attr,vg_size,vg_free"
vgs_sort="vg_name"
lvs_cols="lv_name,vg_name,lv_attr,lv_size,pool_lv,origin,move_pv,
mirror_log,copy_percent,convert_lv"
lvs_sort="vg_name,lv_name"
segs_cols="lv_name,vg_name,lv_attr,stripes,segtype,seg_size"
segs_sort="vg_name,lv_name,seg_start"
# pvs
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/sda vg lvm2 a-- 100.00m 88.00m
/dev/sdb vg lvm2 a-- 100.00m 92.00m
# pvs --segments
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree Start SSize
/dev/sda vg lvm2 a-- 100.00m 88.00m 0 1
/dev/sda vg lvm2 a-- 100.00m 88.00m 1 1
/dev/sda vg lvm2 a-- 100.00m 88.00m 2 1
/dev/sda vg lvm2 a-- 100.00m 88.00m 3 22
/dev/sdb vg lvm2 a-- 100.00m 92.00m 0 1
/dev/sdb vg lvm2 a-- 100.00m 92.00m 1 1
/dev/sdb vg lvm2 a-- 100.00m 92.00m 2 23
# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
vg 2 2 0 wz--n- 200.00m 180.00m
# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
lvol0 vg -wi-a----- 4.00m
lvol1 vg rwi-a-r--- 4.00m 100.00
# lvs --segments
LV VG Attr #Str Type SSize
lvol0 vg -wi-a----- 1 linear 4.00m
lvol1 vg rwi-a-r--- 2 raid1 4.00m
We will use report/lvs_cols and report/lvs_sort configuration
settings to define our own list of fields to use and to sort by that
is different from defaults. You can do this for other reports in same
manner with report/{pvs,pvseg,vgs,seg}_{cols,sort} configuration
settings. Also note that in the example below, we don't display the
"lv_time" field even though we're using it for sorting - this is
allowed.
# lvmconfig --type full report/lvs_cols report/lvs_sort
lvs_cols="lv_name,lv_size,origin,pool_lv,copy_percent"
lvs_sort="-lv_time"
# lvs
LV LSize Origin Pool Cpy%Sync
lvol1 4.00m 100.00
lvol0 4.00m
You can use -o--options command line option to override current
configuration directly on command line.
# lvs -o lv_name,lv_size
LV LSize
lvol1 4.00m
lvol0 4.00m
# lvs -o+lv_layout
LV LSize Origin Pool Cpy%Sync Layout
lvol1 4.00m 100.00 raid,raid1
lvol0 4.00m linear
# lvs -o-origin
LV LSize Pool Cpy%Sync
lvol1 4.00m 100.00
lvol0 4.00m
# lvs -o lv_name,lv_size,origin -o+lv_layout -o-origin -O lv_name
LV LSize Layout
lvol0 4.00m linear
lvol1 4.00m raid,raid1
You can obtain the same information with single command where all the
information about PVs, PV segments, LVs and LV segments are obtained
per VG under a single VG lock for consistency, see also
lvm-fullreport(8) man page for more information. The fullreport has
its own configuration settings to define field sets to use, similar
to individual reports as displayed above, but configuration settings
have "_full" suffix now. This way, it's possible to configure
different sets of fields to display and to sort by for individual
reports as well as the full report.
# lvmconfig --type full report/pvs_cols_full \
report/pvs_sort_full report/pvsegs_cols_full \
report/pvsegs_sort_full report/vgs_cols_full \
report/vgs_sort_full report/lvs_cols_full \
report/lvs_sort_full report/segs_cols_full \
report/segs_sort_full
pvs_cols_full="pv_name,vg_name"
pvs_sort_full="pv_name"
pvsegs_cols_full="pv_name,pvseg_start,pvseg_size"
pvsegs_sort_full="pv_uuid,pvseg_start"
vgs_cols_full="vg_name"
vgs_sort_full="vg_name"
lvs_cols_full="lv_name,vg_name"
lvs_sort_full="vg_name,lv_name"
segs_cols_full="lv_name,seg_start,seg_size"
segs_sort_full="lv_uuid,seg_start"
# lvm fullreport
VG
vg
PV VG
/dev/sda vg
/dev/sdb vg
LV VG
lvol0 vg
lvol1 vg
PV Start SSize
/dev/sda 0 1
/dev/sda 1 1
/dev/sda 2 1
/dev/sda 3 22
/dev/sdb 0 1
/dev/sdb 1 1
/dev/sdb 2 23
LV Start SSize
lvol0 0 4.00m
lvol1 0 4.00m
Automatic output compaction
If you look at the lvs output above, you can see that the report also
contains fields for which there is no information to display (e.g.
the columns under "Origin" and "Pool" heading - the "origin" and
"pool_lv" fields). LVM can automatically compact report output so
such fields are not included in final output. To enable this feature
and to compact all fields, use report/compact_output=1 in your
configuration.
# lvmconfig --type full report/compact_output
compact_output=1
# lvs
LV LSize Cpy%Sync
lvol1 4.00m 100.00
lvol0 4.00m
# lvs vg/lvol0
LV LSize
lvol0 4.00m
Alternatively, you can define which fields should be compacted by
configuring report/compact_output_cols configuration setting (or
-o--options # command line option).
# lvmconfig --type full report/compact_output report/compact_output_cols
compact_output=0
compact_output_cols="origin"
# lvs
LV LSize Pool Cpy%Sync
lvol1 4.00m 100.00
lvol0 4.00m
# lvs vg/lvol0
LV LSize Pool
lvol0 4.00m
# lvs -o#pool_lv
LV LSize Origin Cpy%Sync
lvol1 4.00m 100.00
lvol0 4.00m
We will use report/compact_output=1 for subsequent examples.
Further formatting options
By default, LVM displays sizes in reports in human-readable form
which means that the most suitable unit is used so it's easy to read.
You can use report/units configuration setting (or --units option
directly on command line) and report/suffix configuration setting (or
--nosuffix command line option) to change this.
# lvs --units b --nosuffix
LV LSize Cpy%Sync
lvol1 4194304 100.00
lvol0 4194304
If you want to configure whether report headings are displayed or
not, use report/headings configuration settings (or --noheadings
command line option).
# lvs --noheadings
lvol1 4.00m 100.00
lvol0 4.00m
In some cases, it may be useful to display report content as
key=value pairs where key here is actually the field name. Use
report/prefixes configuration setting (or --nameprefixes command line
option) to switch between standard output and the key=value output.
The key=value pair is the output that is suitable for use in scripts
and for other tools to parse easily. Usually, you also don't want to
display headings with the output that has these key=value pairs.
# lvs --noheadings --nameprefixes
LVM2_LV_NAME='lvol1' LVM2_LV_SIZE='4.00m' LVM2_COPY_PERCENT='100.00'
LVM2_LV_NAME='lvol0' LVM2_LV_SIZE='4.00m' LVM2_COPY_PERCENT=''
To define whether quotation marks in key=value pairs should be used
or not, use report/quoted configuration setting (or --unquoted
command line option).
# lvs --noheadings --nameprefixes --unquoted
LVM2_LV_NAME=lvol1 LVM2_LV_SIZE=4.00m LVM2_COPY_PERCENT=100.00
LVM2_LV_NAME=lvol0 LVM2_LV_SIZE=4.00m LVM2_COPY_PERCENT=
For easier parsing, you can even transpose the report so each column
now becomes a row in the output. This is done with
report/output_as_rows configuration setting (or --rows command line
option).
# lvs --noheadings --nameprefixes --unquoted --rows
LVM2_LV_NAME=lvol1 LVM2_LV_NAME=lvol0
LVM2_LV_SIZE=4.00m LVM2_LV_SIZE=4.00m
LVM2_COPY_PERCENT=100.00 LVM2_COPY_PERCENT=
Use report/separator configuration setting (or --separator command
line option) to define your own field separator to use.
# lvs --noheadings --nameprefixes --unquoted --separator " | "
LVM2_LV_NAME=lvol1 | LVM2_LV_SIZE=4.00m | LVM2_COPY_PERCENT=100.00
LVM2_LV_NAME=lvol0 | LVM2_LV_SIZE=4.00m | LVM2_COPY_PERCENT=
If you are using your own separator, the columns in the output are
not aligned by default. Use report/aligned configuration setting (or
--aligned command line option) for LVM to add extra spaces in report
to align the output properly.
# lvs --separator " | "
LV | LSize | Cpy%Sync
lvol1 | 4.00m | 100.00
lvol0 | 4.00m |
# lvs --separator " | " --aligned
LV | LSize | Cpy%Sync
lvol1 | 4.00m | 100.00
lvol0 | 4.00m |
Let's display one one more field in addition ("lv_tags" in this
example) for the lvs report output.
# lvs -o+lv_tags
LV LSize Cpy%Sync LV Tags
lvol1 4.00m 100.00
lvol0 4.00m tagA,tagB
The "LV Tags" column in the example above displays two list values,
separated by "," character for LV lvol0. If you need different list
item separator, use report/list_item_separator configuration setting
its definition.
# lvmconfig --type full report/list_item_separator
list_item_separator=";"
# lvs -o+tags
LV LSize Cpy%Sync LV Tags
lvol1 4.00m 100.00
lvol0 4.00m tagA;tagB
But let's still use the original "," character for
list_item_separator for subsequent examples.
Format for any of time values displayed in reports can be configured
with report/time_format configuretion setting. By default complete
date and time is displayed, including timezone.
# lvmconfig --type full report/time_format
time_format="%Y-%m-%d %T %z"
# lvs -o+time
LV LSize Cpy%Sync CTime
lvol1 4.00m 100.00 2016-08-29 12:53:36 +0200
lvol0 4.00m 2016-08-29 10:15:17 +0200
We can change time format in similar way as we do when using date(1)
command or strftime(3) function (lvmconfig --type default
--withcomments report/time_format will give you complete list of
available formatting options). In the example below, we decided to
use %s for number of seconds since Epoch (1970-01-01 UTC).
# lvmconfig --type full report/time_format
time_format="%s"
# lvs
LV Attr LSize Cpy%Sync LV Tags CTime
lvol1 rwi-a-r--- 4.00m 100.00 1472468016
lvol0 -wi-a----- 4.00m tagA,tagB 1472458517
The lvs does not display hidden LVs by default - to include these LVs
in the output, you need to use -a--all command line option. Names for
these hidden LVs are displayed within square brackets.
# lvs -a
LV LSize Cpy%Sync
lvol1 4.00m 100.00
[lvol1_rimage_0] 4.00m
[lvol1_rmeta_0] 4.00m
[lvol1_rimage_1] 4.00m
[lvol1_rmeta_1] 4.00m
lvol0 4.00m
You can configure LVM to display the square brackets for hidden LVs
or not with report/mark_hidden_devices configuration setting.
# lvmconfig --type full report/mark_hidden_devices
mark_hidden_devices=0
# lvs -a
LV LSize Cpy%Sync
lvol1 4.00m 100.00
lvol1_rimage_0 4.00m
lvol1_rmeta_0 4.00m
lvol1_rimage_1 4.00m
lvol1_rmeta_1 4.00m
lvol0 4.00m
It's not recommended to use LV marks for hidden devices to decide
whether the LV is the one to use by end users or not. Please, use
"lv_role" field instead which can report whether the LV is "public"
or "private". The private LVs are used by LVM only and they should
not be accessed directly by end users.
# lvs -a -o+lv_role
LV LSize Cpy%Sync Role
lvol1 4.00m 100.00 public
lvol1_rimage_0 4.00m private,raid,image
lvol1_rmeta_0 4.00m private,raid,metadata
lvol1_rimage_1 4.00m private,raid,image
lvol1_rmeta_1 4.00m private,raid,metadata
lvol0 4.00m public
Some of the reporting fields that LVM reports are of binary nature.
For such fields, it's either possible to display word representation
of the value (this is used by default) or numeric value (0/1 or -1 in
case the value is undefined).
# lvs -o+lv_active_locally
LV LSize Cpy%Sync ActLocal
lvol1 4.00m 100.00 active locally
lvol0 4.00m active locally
We can change the way how these binary values are displayed with
report/binary_values_as_numeric configuration setting.
# lvmconfig --type full report/binary_values_as_numeric
binary_values_as_numeric=1
# lvs -o+lv_active_locally
LV LSize Cpy%Sync ActLocal
lvol1 4.00m 100.00 1
lvol0 4.00m 1
Changing output format
LVM can output reports in different formats - use
report/output_format configuration setting (or --reportformat command
line option) to swith the report output format. Currently, LVM
supports "basic" (all the examples we used above used this format)
and "JSON" output format.
# lvs -o lv_name,lv_size --reportformat json
{
"report": [
{
"lv": [
{"lv_name":"lvol1", "lv_size":"4.00m"},
{"lv_name":"lvol0", "lv_size":"4.00m"}
]
}
]
}
Note that some configuration settings and command line options have
no effect with certain report formats. For example, with JSON output,
it doesn't have any meaning to use report/aligned (--aligned),
report/noheadings (--noheadings), report/columns_as_rows (--rows) or
report/buffered (--unbuffered). All these configuration settings and
command line options are ignored if using the JSON report output
format.
Selection
If you need to select only specific rows from report, you can use
LVM's report selection feature. If you call <lvm_command> -S help,
you'll get quick help on selection. The help contains list of all
fields that LVM can use in reports together with its type enclosed in
square brackets. The example below contains a line from lvs -S help.
# lvs -S help
...
lv_size - Size of LV in current units. [size]
...
This line tells you you that the "lv_size" field is of "size" type.
If you look at the bottom of the help output, you can see section
about "Selection operators" and its "Comparison operators".
# lvs -S help
...
Selection operators
-------------------
Comparison operators:
=~ - Matching regular expression. [regex]
!~ - Not matching regular expression. [regex]
= - Equal to. [number, size, percent, string, string list, time]
!= - Not equal to. [number, size, percent, string, string_list, time]
>= - Greater than or equal to. [number, size, percent, time]
> - Greater than. [number, size, percent, time]
<= - Less than or equal to. [number, size, percent, time]
< - Less than. [number, size, percent, time]
since - Since specified time (same as '>='). [time]
after - After specified time (same as '>'). [time]
until - Until specified time (same as '<='). [time]
before - Before specified time (same as '<'). [time]
...
Here you can match comparison operators that you may use with the
"lv_size" field which is of type "size" - it's =, !=, >=, >, <= and
<. You can find applicable comparison operators for other fields and
other field types the same way.
To demostrate selection functionality in LVM, we will create more LVs
in addition to lvol0 and lvol1 we used in our previous examples.
# lvs -o name,size,origin,snap_percent,tags,time
LV LSize Origin Snap% LV Tags CTime
lvol4 4.00m lvol2 24.61 2016-09-09 16:57:44 +0200
lvol3 4.00m lvol2 5.08 2016-09-09 16:56:48 +0200
lvol2 8.00m tagA,tagC,tagD 2016-09-09 16:55:12 +0200
lvol1 4.00m 2016-08-29 12:53:36 +0200
lvol0 4.00m tagA,tagB 2016-08-29 10:15:17 +0200
When selecting size and percent fields, we don't need to use units.
For sizes, default "m" (for MiB) is used - this is the same behaviour
as already used for LVM commands when specifying sizes (e.g. lvcreate
-L). For percent fields, "%" is assumed automatically if it's not
specified. The example below also demonstrates how several criteria
can be combined together.
# lvs -o name,size,snap_percent -S 'size=8m'
LV LSize
lvol2 8.00m
# lvs -o name,size,snap_percent -S 'size=8'
LV LSize
lvol2 8.00m
# lvs -o name,size,snap_percent -S 'size < 5000k'
LV LSize Snap%
lvol4 4.00m 24.61
lvol3 4.00m 5.08
lvol1 4.00m
lvol0 4.00m
# lvs -o name,size,snap_percent -S 'size < 5000k && snap_percent > 20'
LV LSize Snap%
lvol4 4.00m 24.61
# lvs -o name,size,snap_percent \
-S '(size < 5000k && snap_percent > 20%) || name=lvol2'
LV LSize Snap%
lvol4 4.00m 24.61
lvol2 8.00m
You can also use selection together with processing-oriented
commands.
# lvchange --addtag test -S 'size < 5000k'
Logical volume vg/lvol1 changed.
Logical volume vg/lvol0 changed.
Logical volume vg/lvol3 changed.
Logical volume vg/lvol4 changed.
# lvchange --deltag test -S 'tags = test'
Logical volume vg/lvol1 changed.
Logical volume vg/lvol0 changed.
Logical volume vg/lvol3 changed.
Logical volume vg/lvol4 changed.
LVM can recognize more complex values used in selection criteria for
string list and time field types. For string lists, you can match
whole list strictly, its subset or intersection. Let's take "lv_tags"
field as an example - we select only rows which contain "tagA" within
tags field. We're using { } to denote that we're interested in subset
that matches. If the subset has only one item, we can leave out { }.
# lvs -o name,tags -S 'tags={tagA}'
LV LV Tags
lvol2 tagA,tagC,tagD
lvol0 tagA,tagB
# lvs -o name,tags -S 'tags=tagA'
LV LV Tags
lvol2 tagA,tagC,tagD
lvol0 tagA,tagB
Depending on whether we use "&&" (or ",") or "||" ( or "#") as
delimiter for items in the set we define in selection criterion for
string list, we either match subset ("&&" or ",") or even
intersection ("||" or "#").
# lvs -o name,tags -S 'tags={tagA,tagC,tagD}'
LV LV Tags
lvol2 tagA,tagC,tagD
# lvs -o name,tags -S 'tags={tagA || tagC || tagD}'
LV LV Tags
lvol2 tagA,tagC,tagD
lvol0 tagA,tagB
To match the complete set, use [ ] with "&&" (or ",") as delimiter
for items. Also note that the order in which we define items in the
set is not relevant.
# lvs -o name,tags -S 'tags=[tagA]'
# lvs -o name,tags -S 'tags=[tagB,tagA]'
LV LV Tags
lvol0 tagA,tagB
If you use [ ] with "||" (or "#"), this is exactly the same as using
{ }.
# lvs -o name,tags -S 'tags=[tagA || tagC || tagD]'
LV LV Tags
lvol2 tagA,tagC,tagD
lvol0 tagA,tagB
To match a set with no items, use "" to denote this (note that we
have output compaction enabled so the "LV Tags" column is not
displayed in the example below because it's blank and so it gets
compacted).
# lvs -o name,tags -S 'tags=""'
LV
lvol4
lvol3
lvol1
# lvs -o name,tags -S 'tags!=""'
LV LV Tags
lvol2 tagA,tagC,tagD
lvol0 tagA,tagB
When doing selection based on time fields, we can use either
standard, absolute or freeform time expressions in selection
criteria. Examples below are using standard forms.
# lvs -o name,time
LV CTime
lvol4 2016-09-09 16:57:44 +0200
lvol3 2016-09-09 16:56:48 +0200
lvol2 2016-09-09 16:55:12 +0200
lvol1 2016-08-29 12:53:36 +0200
lvol0 2016-08-29 10:15:17 +0200
# lvs -o name,time -S 'time since "2016-09-01"'
LV CTime
lvol4 2016-09-09 16:57:44 +0200
lvol3 2016-09-09 16:56:48 +0200
lvol2 2016-09-09 16:55:12 +0200
# lvs -o name,time -S 'time since "2016-09-09 16:56"'
LV CTime
lvol4 2016-09-09 16:57:44 +0200
lvol3 2016-09-09 16:56:48 +0200
# lvs -o name,time -S 'time since "2016-09-09 16:57:30"'
LV CTime
lvol4 2016-09-09 16:57:44 +0200
# lvs -o name,time \
-S 'time since "2016-08-29" && time until "2016-09-09 16:55:12"'
LV CTime
lvol2 2016-09-09 16:55:12 +0200
lvol1 2016-08-29 12:53:36 +0200
lvol0 2016-08-29 10:15:17 +0200
# lvs -o name,time \
-S 'time since "2016-08-29" && time before "2016-09-09 16:55:12"'
LV CTime
lvol1 2016-08-29 12:53:36 +0200
lvol0 2016-08-29 10:15:17 +0200
Time operators have synonyms: ">=" for since, "<=" for until, ">" for
"after" and "<" for "before".
# lvs -o name,time \
-S 'time >= "2016-08-29" && time <= "2016-09-09 16:55:30"'
LV CTime
lvol2 2016-09-09 16:55:12 +0200
lvol1 2016-08-29 12:53:36 +0200
lvol0 2016-08-29 10:15:17 +0200
# lvs -o name,time \
-S 'time since "2016-08-29" && time < "2016-09-09 16:55:12"'
LV CTime
lvol1 2016-08-29 12:53:36 +0200
lvol0 2016-08-29 10:15:17 +0200
Example below demonstrates using absolute time expression.
# lvs -o name,time --config report/time_format="%s"
LV CTime
lvol4 1473433064
lvol3 1473433008
lvol2 1473432912
lvol1 1472468016
lvol0 1472458517
# lvs -o name,time -S 'time since @1473433008'
LV CTime
lvol4 2016-09-09 16:57:44 +0200
lvol3 2016-09-09 16:56:48 +0200
Examples below demonstrates using freeform time expressions.
# lvs -o name,time -S 'time since "2 weeks ago"'
LV CTime
lvol4 2016-09-09 16:57:44 +0200
lvol3 2016-09-09 16:56:48 +0200
lvol2 2016-09-09 16:55:12 +0200
lvol1 2016-08-29 12:53:36 +0200
lvol0 2016-08-29 10:15:17 +0200
# lvs -o name,time -S 'time since "1 week ago"'
LV CTime
lvol4 2016-09-09 16:57:44 +0200
lvol3 2016-09-09 16:56:48 +0200
lvol2 2016-09-09 16:55:12 +0200
# lvs -o name,time -S 'time since "2 weeks ago"'
LV CTime
lvol1 2016-08-29 12:53:36 +0200
lvol0 2016-08-29 10:15:17 +0200
# lvs -o name,time -S 'time before "1 week ago"'
LV CTime
lvol1 2016-08-29 12:53:36 +0200
lvol0 2016-08-29 10:15:17 +0200
# lvs -o name,time -S 'time since "68 hours ago"'
LV CTime
lvol4 2016-09-09 16:57:44 +0200
lvol3 2016-09-09 16:56:48 +0200
lvol2 2016-09-09 16:55:12 +0200
# lvs -o name,time -S 'time since "1 year 3 months ago"'
LV CTime
lvol4 2016-09-09 16:57:44 +0200
lvol3 2016-09-09 16:56:48 +0200
lvol2 2016-09-09 16:55:12 +0200
lvol1 2016-08-29 12:53:36 +0200
lvol0 2016-08-29 10:15:17 +0200
Command log reporting
As described in categorization based on reporting facility section at
the beginning of this document, both report-oriented and processing-
oriented LVM commands can report the command log if this is enabled
with log/report_command_log configuration setting. Just like any
other report, we can set the set of fields to display
(log/command_log_cols) and to sort by (log/command_log_sort) for this
report.
# lvmconfig --type full log/report_command_log log/command_log_cols \
log/command_log_sort log/command_log_selection
report_command_log=1
command_log_cols="log_seq_num,log_type,log_context,log_object_type,
log_object_name,log_object_group,log_message,
log_errno,log_ret_code"
command_log_sort="log_seq_num"
command_log_selection="!(log_type=status && message=success)"
# lvs
Logical Volume
==============
LV LSize Cpy%Sync
lvol1 4.00m 100.00
lvol0 4.00m
Command Log
===========
Seq LogType Context ObjType ObjName ObjGrp Msg Errno RetCode
As you can see, the command log is empty (it contains only field
names). By default, LVM uses selection on the command log report and
this case no row matched the selection criteria, see also log report
specifics section in this document for more information. We're
displaying complete log report in the example below where we can see
that both LVs lvol0 and lvol1 were successfully processed as well as
the VG vg they are part of.
# lvmconfig --type full log/command_log_selection
command_log_selection="all"
# lvs
Logical Volume
==============
LV LSize Cpy%Sync
lvol1 4.00m 100.00
lvol0 4.00m
Command Log
===========
Seq LogType Context ObjType ObjName ObjGrp Msg Errno RetCode
1 status processing lv lvol0 vg success 0 1
2 status processing lv lvol1 vg success 0 1
3 status processing vg vg success 0 1
# lvchange -an vg/lvol1
Command Log
===========
Seq LogType Context ObjType ObjName ObjGrp Msg Errno RetCode
1 status processing lv lvol1 vg success 0 1
2 status processing vg vg success 0 1
Handling multiple reports per single command
To configure the log report directly on command line, we need to use
--configreport option before we start any -o--options, -O--sort or
-S--select that is targeted for log report.
# lvs -o lv_name,lv_size --configreport log -o log_object_type, \
log_object_name,log_message,log_ret_code
Logical Volume
==============
LV LSize
lvol1 4.00m
lvol0 4.00m
Command Log
===========
ObjType ObjName Msg RetCode
lv lvol0 success 1
lv lvol1 success 1
vg vg success 1
The lvm fullreport, with or without log report, consists of several
reports - the --configreport is also used to target particular
subreport here.
Below is an extended example with lvm fullreport to illustrate
combination of various options. The report output is in JSON format.
Also, we configure "vg", "pvseg", "seg" and "log" subreport to
contain only specified fields. For the "pvseg" subreport, we're
intested only in PV names having "sda" in their name. For the "log"
subreport we're intested only in log lines related to either "lvol0"
object or object having "sda" in its name. Also, for the log
subreport we define ordering to be based on "log_object_type" field.
# lvm fullreport --reportformat json \
--configreport vg -o vg_name,vg_size \
--configreport pvseg -o pv_name,pvseg_start \
-S 'pv_name=~sda' \
--configreport seg -o lv_name,seg_start \
--configreport log -o log_object_type,log_object_name \
-O log_object_type \
-S 'log_object_name=lvol0 || \
log_object_name=~sda'
{
"report": [
{
"vg": [
{"vg_name":"vg", "vg_size":"200.00m"}
]
,
"pv": [
{"pv_name":"/dev/sda", "vg_name":"vg"},
{"pv_name":"/dev/sdb", "vg_name":"vg"}
]
,
"lv": [
{"lv_name":"lvol0", "vg_name":"vg"},
{"lv_name":"lvol1", "vg_name":"vg"}
]
,
"pvseg": [
{"pv_name":"/dev/sda", "pvseg_start":"0"},
{"pv_name":"/dev/sda", "pvseg_start":"1"},
{"pv_name":"/dev/sda", "pvseg_start":"2"},
{"pv_name":"/dev/sda", "pvseg_start":"3"}
]
,
"seg": [
{"lv_name":"lvol0", "seg_start":"0 "},
{"lv_name":"lvol1", "seg_start":"0 "}
]
}
]
,
"log": [
{"log_object_type":"lv", "log_object_name":"lvol0"},
{"log_object_type":"lv", "log_object_name":"lvol0"},
{"log_object_type":"pv", "log_object_name":"/dev/sda"},
{"log_object_type":"pv", "log_object_name":"/dev/sda"},
]
}
Report extensions for LVM shell
As already stated in log report coverage paragraph under log report
specifics in this documentation, when using LVM shell the log report
coverage is wider. There's also special command designed to query
last command's log report in the LVM shell - the lastlog command.
The example below illustrates a situation where we called lvs
command. After that, we inspected the log report with the lastlog,
without any selection so all the log report is displayed on output.
Then we called lastlog further, giving various selection criteria.
Then we ran unknown LVM command "abc" for which the log report
displays appropriate failure state.
# lvm
lvm> lvs
Logical Volume
==============
LV LSize Cpy%Sync
lvol1 4.00m 100.00
lvol0 4.00m
Command Log
===========
Seq LogType Context ObjType ObjName ObjGrp Msg Errno RetCode
1 status processing lv lvol0 vg success 0 1
2 status processing lv lvol1 vg success 0 1
3 status processing vg vg success 0 1
4 status shell cmd lvs success 0 1
lvm> lastlog
Command Log
===========
Seq LogType Context ObjType ObjName ObjGrp Msg Errno RetCode
1 status processing lv lvol0 vg success 0 1
2 status processing lv lvol1 vg success 0 1
3 status processing vg vg success 0 1
4 status shell cmd lvs success 0 1
lvm> lastlog -S log_object_type=lv
Command Log
===========
Seq LogType Context ObjType ObjName ObjGrp Msg Errno RetCode
1 status processing lv lvol0 vg success 0 1
2 status processing lv lvol1 vg success 0 1
lvm> lastlog -S log_context=shell
Command Log
===========
Seq LogType Context ObjType ObjName ObjGrp Msg Errno RetCode
4 status shell cmd lvs success 0 1
lvm> abc
Command Log
===========
Seq LogType Context ObjType ObjName ObjGrp Msg Errno RetCode
1 error shell cmd abc No such command 'abc'. Try 'help'. -1 0
2 status shell cmd abc failure -1 2
lvm (8), lvmconfig (8), lvm fullreport (8)
This page is part of the lvm2 (Logical Volume Manager 2) project.
Information about the project can be found at
⟨http://www.sourceware.org/lvm2/⟩. If you have a bug report for this
manual page, send it to linux-lvm@redhat.com. This page was obtained
from the project's upstream Git repository
⟨git://sourceware.org/git/lvm2.git⟩ on 2018-02-02. (At that time,
the date of the most recent commit that was found in the repository
was 2018-02-01.) If you discover any rendering problems in this HTML
version of the page, or you believe there is a better or more up-to-
date source for the page, or you have corrections or improvements to
the information in this COLOPHON (which is not part of the original
manual page), send a mail to man-pages@man7.org
Red Hat, Inc LVM TOOLS 2.02.178(2)-git (2017-12-18) LVMREPORT(7)
Pages that refer to this page: lvchange(8), lvconvert(8), lvcreate(8), lvdisplay(8), lvextend(8), lvm(8), lvmconfig(8), lvmdiskscan(8), lvm-fullreport(8), lvm-lvpoll(8), lvreduce(8), lvremove(8), lvrename(8), lvresize(8), lvs(8), lvscan(8), pvchange(8), pvck(8), pvcreate(8), pvdisplay(8), pvmove(8), pvremove(8), pvresize(8), pvs(8), pvscan(8), vgcfgbackup(8), vgcfgrestore(8), vgchange(8), vgck(8), vgconvert(8), vgcreate(8), vgdisplay(8), vgexport(8), vgextend(8), vgimport(8), vgimportclone(8), vgmerge(8), vgmknodes(8), vgreduce(8), vgremove(8), vgrename(8), vgs(8), vgscan(8), vgsplit(8)
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HTML rendering created 2018-02-02 by Michael Kerrisk, author of The Linux Programming Interface, maintainer of the Linux man-pages project. For details of in-depth Linux/UNIX system programming training courses that I teach, look here. Hosting by jambit GmbH.
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