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NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | REQUESTING CREDENTIALS | AVOIDING REPETITION | CREDENTIAL CONTEXTS | CONFIGURATION OPTIONS | CUSTOM HELPERS | GIT | NOTES | COLOPHON |
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GITCREDENTIALS(7) Git Manual GITCREDENTIALS(7)
gitcredentials - providing usernames and passwords to Git
git config credential.https://example.com.username myusername
git config credential.helper "$helper $options"
Git will sometimes need credentials from the user in order to perform
operations; for example, it may need to ask for a username and
password in order to access a remote repository over HTTP. This
manual describes the mechanisms Git uses to request these
credentials, as well as some features to avoid inputting these
credentials repeatedly.
Without any credential helpers defined, Git will try the following
strategies to ask the user for usernames and passwords:
1. If the GIT_ASKPASS environment variable is set, the program
specified by the variable is invoked. A suitable prompt is
provided to the program on the command line, and the user’s input
is read from its standard output.
2. Otherwise, if the core.askPass configuration variable is set, its
value is used as above.
3. Otherwise, if the SSH_ASKPASS environment variable is set, its
value is used as above.
4. Otherwise, the user is prompted on the terminal.
It can be cumbersome to input the same credentials over and over. Git
provides two methods to reduce this annoyance:
1. Static configuration of usernames for a given authentication
context.
2. Credential helpers to cache or store passwords, or to interact
with a system password wallet or keychain.
The first is simple and appropriate if you do not have secure storage
available for a password. It is generally configured by adding this
to your config:
[credential "https://example.com"]
username = me
Credential helpers, on the other hand, are external programs from
which Git can request both usernames and passwords; they typically
interface with secure storage provided by the OS or other programs.
To use a helper, you must first select one to use. Git currently
includes the following helpers:
cache
Cache credentials in memory for a short period of time. See
git-credential-cache(1) for details.
store
Store credentials indefinitely on disk. See
git-credential-store(1) for details.
You may also have third-party helpers installed; search for
credential-* in the output of git help -a, and consult the
documentation of individual helpers. Once you have selected a helper,
you can tell Git to use it by putting its name into the
credential.helper variable.
1. Find a helper.
$ git help -a | grep credential-
credential-foo
2. Read its description.
$ git help credential-foo
3. Tell Git to use it.
$ git config --global credential.helper foo
Git considers each credential to have a context defined by a URL.
This context is used to look up context-specific configuration, and
is passed to any helpers, which may use it as an index into secure
storage.
For instance, imagine we are accessing https://example.com/foo.git .
When Git looks into a config file to see if a section matches this
context, it will consider the two a match if the context is a
more-specific subset of the pattern in the config file. For example,
if you have this in your config file:
[credential "https://example.com"]
username = foo
then we will match: both protocols are the same, both hosts are the
same, and the "pattern" URL does not care about the path component at
all. However, this context would not match:
[credential "https://kernel.org"]
username = foo
because the hostnames differ. Nor would it match foo.example.com; Git
compares hostnames exactly, without considering whether two hosts are
part of the same domain. Likewise, a config entry for
http://example.com would not match: Git compares the protocols
exactly.
Options for a credential context can be configured either in
credential.* (which applies to all credentials), or
credential.<url>.*, where <url> matches the context as described
above.
The following options are available in either location:
helper
The name of an external credential helper, and any associated
options. If the helper name is not an absolute path, then the
string git credential- is prepended. The resulting string is
executed by the shell (so, for example, setting this to foo
--option=bar will execute git credential-foo --option=bar via the
shell. See the manual of specific helpers for examples of their
use.
If there are multiple instances of the credential.helper
configuration variable, each helper will be tried in turn, and
may provide a username, password, or nothing. Once Git has
acquired both a username and a password, no more helpers will be
tried.
If credential.helper is configured to the empty string, this
resets the helper list to empty (so you may override a helper set
by a lower-priority config file by configuring the empty-string
helper, followed by whatever set of helpers you would like).
username
A default username, if one is not provided in the URL.
useHttpPath
By default, Git does not consider the "path" component of an http
URL to be worth matching via external helpers. This means that a
credential stored for https://example.com/foo.git will also be
used for https://example.com/bar.git . If you do want to
distinguish these cases, set this option to true.
You can write your own custom helpers to interface with any system in
which you keep credentials. See the documentation for Git’s
credentials API[1] for details.
Part of the git(1) suite
1. credentials API
file:///usr/local/share/doc/git/technical/api-credentials.html
This page is part of the git (Git distributed version control system)
project. Information about the project can be found at
⟨http://git-scm.com/⟩. If you have a bug report for this manual page,
see ⟨http://git-scm.com/community⟩. This page was obtained from the
project's upstream Git repository ⟨https://github.com/git/git.git⟩ on
2018-02-02. (At that time, the date of the most recent commit that
was found in the repository was 2018-01-23.) If you discover any
rendering problems in this HTML version of the page, or you believe
there is a better or more up-to-date source for the page, or you have
corrections or improvements to the information in this COLOPHON
(which is not part of the original manual page), send a mail to
man-pages@man7.org
Git 2.13.2.556.g5116f7 07/05/2017 GITCREDENTIALS(7)
Pages that refer to this page: git-config(1), git-credential-cache(1), git-credential-store(1)
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