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NAME | DESCRIPTION | OPERATIONS | MOUNT OPTIONS | FILE ATTRIBUTES | SEE ALSO | COLOPHON |
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xfs(5) File Formats Manual xfs(5)
xfs - layout, mount options, and supported file attributes for the
XFS filesystem
An XFS filesystem can reside on a regular disk partition or on a
logical volume. An XFS filesystem has up to three parts: a data
section, a log section, and a realtime section. Using the default
mkfs.xfs(8) options, the realtime section is absent, and the log area
is contained within the data section. The log section can be either
separate from the data section or contained within it. The
filesystem sections are divided into a certain number of blocks,
whose size is specified at mkfs.xfs(8) time with the -b option.
The data section contains all the filesystem metadata (inodes,
directories, indirect blocks) as well as the user file data for
ordinary (non-realtime) files and the log area if the log is internal
to the data section. The data section is divided into a number of
allocation groups. The number and size of the allocation groups are
chosen by mkfs.xfs(8) so that there is normally a small number of
equal-sized groups. The number of allocation groups controls the
amount of parallelism available in file and block allocation. It
should be increased from the default if there is sufficient memory
and a lot of allocation activity. The number of allocation groups
should not be set very high, since this can cause large amounts of
CPU time to be used by the filesystem, especially when the filesystem
is nearly full. More allocation groups are added (of the original
size) when xfs_growfs(8) is run.
The log section (or area, if it is internal to the data section) is
used to store changes to filesystem metadata while the filesystem is
running until those changes are made to the data section. It is
written sequentially during normal operation and read only during
mount. When mounting a filesystem after a crash, the log is read to
complete operations that were in progress at the time of the crash.
The realtime section is used to store the data of realtime files.
These files had an attribute bit set through xfsctl(3) after file
creation, before any data was written to the file. The realtime
section is divided into a number of extents of fixed size (specified
at mkfs.xfs(8) time). Each file in the realtime section has an
extent size that is a multiple of the realtime section extent size.
Each allocation group contains several data structures. The first
sector contains the superblock. For allocation groups after the
first, the superblock is just a copy and is not updated after
mkfs.xfs(8). The next three sectors contain information for block
and inode allocation within the allocation group. Also contained
within each allocation group are data structures to locate free
blocks and inodes; these are located through the header structures.
Each XFS filesystem is labeled with a Universal Unique Identifier
(UUID). The UUID is stored in every allocation group header and is
used to help distinguish one XFS filesystem from another, therefore
you should avoid using dd(1) or other block-by-block copying programs
to copy XFS filesystems. If two XFS filesystems on the same machine
have the same UUID, xfsdump(8) may become confused when doing
incremental and resumed dumps. xfsdump(8) and xfsrestore(8) are
recommended for making copies of XFS filesystems.
Some functionality specific to the XFS filesystem is accessible to
applications through the xfsctl(3) and by-handle (see
open_by_handle(3)) interfaces.
The following XFS-specific mount options may be used when mounting an
XFS filesystem. Other generic options may be used as well; refer to
the mount(8) manual page for more details.
allocsize=size
Sets the buffered I/O end-of-file preallocation size when
doing delayed allocation writeout. Valid values for this
option are page size (typically 4KiB) through to 1GiB,
inclusive, in power-of-2 increments.
The default behavior is for dynamic end-of-file preallocation
size, which uses a set of heuristics to optimise the
preallocation size based on the current allocation patterns
within the file and the access patterns to the file.
Specifying a fixed allocsize value turns off the dynamic
behavior.
attr2|noattr2
The options enable/disable an "opportunistic" improvement to
be made in the way inline extended attributes are stored on-
disk. When the new form is used for the first time when attr2
is selected (either when setting or removing extended
attributes) the on-disk superblock feature bit field will be
updated to reflect this format being in use.
The default behavior is determined by the on-disk feature bit
indicating that attr2 behavior is active. If either mount
option it set, then that becomes the new default used by the
filesystem.
CRC enabled filesystems always use the attr2 format, and so
will reject the noattr2 mount option if it is set.
barrier|nobarrier
Note: This option has been deprecated as of kernel v4.10; in
that version, integrity operations are always performed and
the mount option is ignored. These mount options will be
removed no earlier than kernel v4.15.
Enables/disables the use of block layer write barriers for
writes into the journal and for data integrity operations.
This allows for drive level write caching to be enabled, for
devices that support write barriers.
Barriers are enabled by default.
discard|nodiscard
Enable/disable the issuing of commands to let the block device
reclaim space freed by the filesystem. This is useful for SSD
devices, thinly provisioned LUNs and virtual machine images,
but may have a performance impact.
Note: It is currently recommended that you use the fstrim
application to discard unused blocks rather than the discard
mount option because the performance impact of this option is
quite severe. For this reason, nodiscard is the default.
grpid|bsdgroups|nogrpid|sysvgroups
These options define what group ID a newly created file gets.
When grpid is set, it takes the group ID of the directory in
which it is created; otherwise it takes the fsgid of the
current process, unless the directory has the setgid bit set,
in which case it takes the gid from the parent directory, and
also gets the setgid bit set if it is a directory itself.
filestreams
Make the data allocator use the filestreams allocation mode
across the entire filesystem rather than just on directories
configured to use it.
ikeep|noikeep
When ikeep is specified, XFS does not delete empty inode
clusters and keeps them around on disk. When noikeep is
specified, empty inode clusters are returned to the free space
pool. noikeep is the default.
inode32|inode64
When inode32 is specified, it indicates that XFS limits inode
creation to locations which will not result in inode numbers
with more than 32 bits of significance.
When inode64 is specified, it indicates that XFS is allowed to
create inodes at any location in the filesystem, including
those which will result in inode numbers occupying more than
32 bits of significance.
inode32 is provided for backwards compatibility with older
systems and applications, since 64 bits inode numbers might
cause problems for some applications that cannot handle large
inode numbers. If applications are in use which do not handle
inode numbers bigger than 32 bits, the inode32 option should
be specified.
For kernel v3.7 and later, inode64 is the default.
largeio|nolargeio
If "nolargeio" is specified, the optimal I/O reported in
st_blksize by stat(2) will be as small as possible to allow
user applications to avoid inefficient read/modify/write I/O.
This is typically the page size of the machine, as this is the
granularity of the page cache.
If "largeio" specified, a filesystem that was created with a
"swidth" specified will return the "swidth" value (in bytes)
in st_blksize. If the filesystem does not have a "swidth"
specified but does specify an "allocsize" then "allocsize" (in
bytes) will be returned instead. Otherwise the behavior is the
same as if "nolargeio" was specified. nolargeio is the
default.
logbufs=value
Set the number of in-memory log buffers. Valid numbers range
from 2–8 inclusive.
The default value is 8 buffers.
If the memory cost of 8 log buffers is too high on small
systems, then it may be reduced at some cost to performance on
metadata intensive workloads. The logbsize option below
controls the size of each buffer and so is also relevant to
this case.
logbsize=value
Set the size of each in-memory log buffer. The size may be
specified in bytes, or in kibibytes (KiB) with a "k" suffix.
Valid sizes for version 1 and version 2 logs are 16384
(value=16k) and 32768 (value=32k). Valid sizes for version 2
logs also include 65536 (value=64k), 131072 (value=128k) and
262144 (value=256k). The logbsize must be an integer multiple
of the log stripe unit configured at mkfs time.
The default value for version 1 logs is 32768, while the
default value for version 2 logs is MAX(32768, log_sunit).
logdev=device and rtdev=device
Use an external log (metadata journal) and/or real-time
device. An XFS filesystem has up to three parts: a data
section, a log section, and a real-time section. The real-
time section is optional, and the log section can be separate
from the data section or contained within it.
noalign
Data allocations will not be aligned at stripe unit
boundaries. This is only relevant to filesystems created with
non-zero data alignment parameters (sunit, swidth) by mkfs.
norecovery
The filesystem will be mounted without running log recovery.
If the filesystem was not cleanly unmounted, it is likely to
be inconsistent when mounted in "norecovery" mode. Some files
or directories may not be accessible because of this.
Filesystems mounted "norecovery" must be mounted read-only or
the mount will fail.
nouuid Don't check for double mounted file systems using the file
system uuid. This is useful to mount LVM snapshot volumes,
and often used in combination with "norecovery" for mounting
read-only snapshots.
noquota
Forcibly turns off all quota accounting and enforcement within
the filesystem.
uquota/usrquota/quota/uqnoenforce/qnoenforce
User disk quota accounting enabled, and limits (optionally)
enforced. Refer to xfs_quota(8) for further details.
gquota/grpquota/gqnoenforce
Group disk quota accounting enabled and limits (optionally)
enforced. Refer to xfs_quota(8) for further details.
pquota/prjquota/pqnoenforce
Project disk quota accounting enabled and limits (optionally)
enforced. Refer to xfs_quota(8) for further details.
sunit=value and swidth=value
Used to specify the stripe unit and width for a RAID device or
a stripe volume. "value" must be specified in 512-byte block
units. These options are only relevant to filesystems that
were created with non-zero data alignment parameters.
The sunit and swidth parameters specified must be compatible
with the existing filesystem alignment characteristics. In
general, that means the only valid changes to sunit are
increasing it by a power-of-2 multiple. Valid swidth values
are any integer multiple of a valid sunit value.
Typically the only time these mount options are necessary if
after an underlying RAID device has had it's geometry
modified, such as adding a new disk to a RAID5 lun and
reshaping it.
swalloc
Data allocations will be rounded up to stripe width boundaries
when the current end of file is being extended and the file
size is larger than the stripe width size.
wsync When specified, all filesystem namespace operations are
executed synchronously. This ensures that when the namespace
operation (create, unlink, etc) completes, the change to the
namespace is on stable storage. This is useful in HA setups
where failover must not result in clients seeing inconsistent
namespace presentation during or after a failover event.
The XFS filesystem supports setting the following file attributes on
Linux systems using the chattr(1) utility:
a - append only
A - no atime updates
d - no dump
i - immutable
S - synchronous updates
For descriptions of these attribute flags, please refer to the
chattr(1) man page.
chattr(1), xfsctl(3), mount(8), mkfs.xfs(8), xfs_info(8),
xfs_admin(8), xfsdump(8), xfsrestore(8).
This page is part of the xfsprogs (utilities for XFS filesystems)
project. Information about the project can be found at
⟨http://xfs.org/⟩. If you have a bug report for this manual page, see
⟨http://oss.sgi.com/bugzilla/buglist.cgi?product=XFS⟩. This page was
obtained from the project's upstream Git repository
⟨git://oss.sgi.com/xfs/cmds/xfsprogs⟩ on 2018-02-02. (At that time,
the date of the most recent commit that was found in the repository
was 2017-11-27.) If you discover any rendering problems in this HTML
version of the page, or you believe there is a better or more up-to-
date source for the page, or you have corrections or improvements to
the information in this COLOPHON (which is not part of the original
manual page), send a mail to man-pages@man7.org
xfs(5)
Pages that refer to this page: chattr(1), ioctl_iflags(2), handle(3), xfsctl(3), dmstats(8), fsck.xfs(8), mkfs.xfs(8), mount(8), xfs_admin(8), xfs_bmap(8), xfs_copy(8), xfs_db(8), xfsdump(8), xfs_freeze(8), xfs_growfs(8), xfs_io(8), xfs_logprint(8), xfs_mdrestore(8), xfs_metadump(8), xfs_ncheck(8), xfs_quota(8), xfs_repair(8), xfs_rtcp(8)
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