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NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | OPTIONS | OPERANDS | EXAMPLES | EXIT STATUS | NOTES | BUGS | SEE ALSO | AUTHOR | REPORTING BUGS | COLOPHON |
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PGREP(1) User Commands PGREP(1)
pgrep, pkill - look up or signal processes based on name and other
attributes
pgrep [options] pattern
pkill [options] pattern
pgrep looks through the currently running processes and lists the
process IDs which match the selection criteria to stdout. All the
criteria have to match. For example,
$ pgrep -u root sshd
will only list the processes called sshd AND owned by root. On the
other hand,
$ pgrep -u root,daemon
will list the processes owned by root OR daemon.
pkill will send the specified signal (by default SIGTERM) to each
process instead of listing them on stdout.
-signal
--signal signal
Defines the signal to send to each matched process. Either
the numeric or the symbolic signal name can be used. (pkill
only.)
-c, --count
Suppress normal output; instead print a count of matching
processes. When count does not match anything, e.g. returns
zero, the command will return non-zero value.
-d, --delimiter delimiter
Sets the string used to delimit each process ID in the output
(by default a newline). (pgrep only.)
-f, --full
The pattern is normally only matched against the process name.
When -f is set, the full command line is used.
-g, --pgroup pgrp,...
Only match processes in the process group IDs listed. Process
group 0 is translated into pgrep's or pkill's own process
group.
-G, --group gid,...
Only match processes whose real group ID is listed. Either
the numerical or symbolical value may be used.
-i, --ignore-case
Match processes case-insensitively.
-l, --list-name
List the process name as well as the process ID. (pgrep
only.)
-a, --list-full
List the full command line as well as the process ID. (pgrep
only.)
-n, --newest
Select only the newest (most recently started) of the matching
processes.
-o, --oldest
Select only the oldest (least recently started) of the
matching processes.
-P, --parent ppid,...
Only match processes whose parent process ID is listed.
-s, --session sid,...
Only match processes whose process session ID is listed.
Session ID 0 is translated into pgrep's or pkill's own session
ID.
-t, --terminal term,...
Only match processes whose controlling terminal is listed.
The terminal name should be specified without the "/dev/"
prefix.
-u, --euid euid,...
Only match processes whose effective user ID is listed.
Either the numerical or symbolical value may be used.
-U, --uid uid,...
Only match processes whose real user ID is listed. Either the
numerical or symbolical value may be used.
-v, --inverse
Negates the matching. This option is usually used in pgrep's
context. In pkill's context the short option is disabled to
avoid accidental usage of the option.
-w, --lightweight
Shows all thread ids instead of pids in pgrep's context. In
pkill's context this option is disabled.
-x, --exact
Only match processes whose names (or command line if -f is
specified) exactly match the pattern.
-F, --pidfile file
Read PID's from file. This option is perhaps more useful for
pkill than pgrep.
-L, --logpidfile
Fail if pidfile (see -F) not locked.
--ns pid
Match processes that belong to the same namespaces. Required
to run as root to match processes from other users. See
--nslist for how to limit which namespaces to match.
--nslist name,...
Match only the provided namespaces. Available namespaces: ipc,
mnt, net, pid, user,uts.
-V, --version
Display version information and exit.
-h, --help
Display help and exit.
pattern
Specifies an Extended Regular Expression for matching against
the process names or command lines.
Example 1: Find the process ID of the named daemon:
$ pgrep -u root named
Example 2: Make syslog reread its configuration file:
$ pkill -HUP syslogd
Example 3: Give detailed information on all xterm processes:
$ ps -fp $(pgrep -d, -x xterm)
Example 4: Make all chrome processes run nicer:
$ renice +4 $(pgrep chrome)
0 One or more processes matched the criteria. For pkill the
process must also have been successfully signalled.
1 No processes matched or none of them could be signalled.
2 Syntax error in the command line.
3 Fatal error: out of memory etc.
The process name used for matching is limited to the 15 characters
present in the output of /proc/pid/stat. Use the -f option to match
against the complete command line, /proc/pid/cmdline.
The running pgrep or pkill process will never report itself as a
match.
The options -n and -o and -v can not be combined. Let me know if you
need to do this.
Defunct processes are reported.
ps(1), regex(7), signal(7), killall(1), skill(1), kill(1), kill(2)
Kjetil Torgrim Homme ⟨kjetilho@ifi.uio.no⟩
Please send bug reports to ⟨procps@freelists.org⟩
This page is part of the procps-ng (/proc filesystem utilities)
project. Information about the project can be found at
⟨https://gitlab.com/procps-ng/procps⟩. If you have a bug report for
this manual page, see
⟨https://gitlab.com/procps-ng/procps/blob/master/Documentation/bugs.md⟩.
This page was obtained from the project's upstream Git repository
⟨https://gitlab.com/procps-ng/procps.git⟩ on 2018-02-02. (At that
time, the date of the most recent commit that was found in the repos‐
itory was 2018-01-13.) If you discover any rendering problems in
this HTML version of the page, or you believe there is a better or
more up-to-date source for the page, or you have corrections or
improvements to the information in this COLOPHON (which is not part
of the original manual page), send a mail to man-pages@man7.org
procps-ng 2017-12-22 PGREP(1)
Pages that refer to this page: fuser(1), kill(1@@procps-ng), killall(1), pidof(1), pmap(1), procps(1), ps(1), pwdx(1), skill(1)
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