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NAME | DESCRIPTION | ENVIRONMENT | FILES | CONFORMING TO | SEE ALSO | COPYRIGHT | COLOPHON |
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cups(1) Apple Inc. cups(1)
cups - a standards-based, open source printing system
CUPS is the software you use to print from applications like word
processors, email readers, photo editors, and web browsers. It
converts the page descriptions produced by your application (put a
paragraph here, draw a line there, and so forth) into something your
printer can understand and then sends the information to the printer
for printing.
Now, since every printer manufacturer does things differently,
printing can be very complicated. CUPS does its best to hide this
from you and your application so that you can concentrate on printing
and less on how to print. Generally, the only time you need to know
anything about your printer is when you use it for the first time,
and even then CUPS can often figure things out on its own.
HOW DOES IT WORK?
The first time you print to a printer, CUPS creates a queue to keep
track of the current status of the printer (everything OK, out of
paper, etc.) and any pages you have printed. Most of the time the
queue points to a printer connected directly to your computer via a
USB port, however it can also point to a printer on your network, a
printer on the Internet, or multiple printers depending on the
configuration. Regardless of where the queue points, it will look
like any other printer to you and your applications.
Every time you print something, CUPS creates a job which contains the
queue you are sending the print to, the name of the document you are
printing, and the page descriptions. Job are numbered (queue-1,
queue-2, and so forth) so you can monitor the job as it is printed or
cancel it if you see a mistake. When CUPS gets a job for printing, it
determines the best programs (filters, printer drivers, port
monitors, and backends) to convert the pages into a printable format
and then runs them to actually print the job.
When the print job is completely printed, CUPS removes the job from
the queue and moves on to any other jobs you have submitted. You can
also be notified when the job is finished, or if there are any errors
during printing, in several different ways.
WHERE DO I BEGIN?
The easiest way to start is by using the web interface to configure
your printer. Go to "http://localhost:631" and choose the
Administration tab at the top of the page. Click/press on the Add
Printer button and follow the prompts.
When you are asked for a username and password, enter your login
username and password or the "root" username and password.
After the printer is added you will be asked to set the default
printer options (paper size, output mode, etc.) for the printer. Make
any changes as needed and then click/press on the Set Default Options
button to save them. Some printers also support auto-configuration -
click/press on the Query Printer for Default Options button to update
the options automatically.
Once you have added the printer, you can print to it from any
application. You can also choose Print Test Page from the maintenance
menu to print a simple test page and verify that everything is
working properly.
You can also use the lpadmin(8) and lpinfo(8) commands to add
printers to CUPS. Additionally, your operating system may include
graphical user interfaces or automatically create printer queues when
you connect a printer to your computer.
HOW DO I GET HELP?
The CUPS web site (http://www.CUPS.org) provides access to the cups
and cups-devel mailing lists, additional documentation and resources,
and a bug report database. Most vendors also provide online
discussion forums to ask printing questions for your operating system
of choice.
CUPS commands use the following environment variables to override the
default locations of files and so forth. For security reasons, these
environment variables are ignored for setuid programs:
CUPS_ANYROOT
Whether to allow any X.509 certificate root (Y or N).
CUPS_CACHEDIR
The directory where semi-persistent cache files can be found.
CUPS_DATADIR
The directory where data files can be found.
CUPS_ENCRYPTION
The default level of encryption (Always, IfRequested, Never,
Required).
CUPS_EXPIREDCERTS
Whether to allow expired X.509 certificates (Y or N).
CUPS_GSSSERVICENAME
The Kerberos service name used for authentication.
CUPS_SERVER
The hostname/IP address and port number of the CUPS scheduler
(hostname:port or ipaddress:port).
CUPS_SERVERBIN
The directory where server helper programs, filters, backend,
etc. can be found.
CUPS_SERVERROOT
The root directory of the server.
CUPS_STATEDIR
The directory where state files can be found.
CUPS_USER
Specifies the name of the user for print requests.
HOME Specifies the home directory of the current user.
IPP_PORT
Specifies the default port number for IPP requests.
LOCALEDIR
Specifies the location of localization files.
LPDEST
Specifies the default print queue (System V standard).
PRINTER
Specifies the default print queue (Berkeley standard).
TMPDIR
Specifies the location of temporary files.
~/.cups/client.conf
~/.cups/lpoptions
CUPS conforms to the Internet Printing Protocol version 2.1 and
implements the Berkeley and System V UNIX print commands.
cancel(1), client.conf(7), cupsctl(8), cupsd(8), lp(1), lpadmin(8),
lpinfo(8), lpoptions(1), lpr(1), lprm(1), lpq(1), lpstat(1), CUPS
Online Help (http://localhost:631/help), CUPS Web Site
(http://www.CUPS.org), PWG Internet Printing Protocol Workgroup
(http://www.pwg.org/ipp)
Copyright © 2007-2018 by Apple Inc.
This page is part of the CUPS (a standards-based, open source
printing system) project. Information about the project can be found
at ⟨http://www.cups.org/⟩. If you have a bug report for this manual
page, see ⟨http://www.cups.org/⟩. This page was obtained from the
project's upstream Git repository ⟨https://github.com/apple/cups⟩ on
2018-02-02. (At that time, the date of the most recent commit that
was found in the repository was 2018-02-01.) If you discover any
rendering problems in this HTML version of the page, or you believe
there is a better or more up-to-date source for the page, or you have
corrections or improvements to the information in this COLOPHON
(which is not part of the original manual page), send a mail to
man-pages@man7.org
16 April 2014 CUPS cups(1)
Pages that refer to this page: cups-config(1), client.conf(5), cups-files.conf(5), backend(7), filter(7), cupsd(8), cupsd-helper(8), cupsfilter(8), cups-lpd(8)
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HTML rendering created 2018-02-02 by Michael Kerrisk, author of The Linux Programming Interface, maintainer of the Linux man-pages project. For details of in-depth Linux/UNIX system programming training courses that I teach, look here. Hosting by jambit GmbH.
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