Outline of computer programming
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to computer programming:
Computer programming – process that leads from an original formulation of a computing problem to executable computer programs. Programming involves activities such as analysis, developing understanding, generating algorithms, verification of requirements of algorithms including their correctness and resources consumption, and implementation (commonly referred to as coding[1][2]) of algorithms in a target programming language. Source code is written in one or more programming languages. The purpose of programming is to find a sequence of instructions that will automate performing a specific task or solving a given problem.
History
Platforms
Paradigms
- Agent-oriented
- Aspect-oriented
- Automata-based
- Class-based
- Concatenative
- Concept
- Concurrent
- Data-driven
- Declarative (as opposed to imperative programming)
- Constraint
- Constraint logic
- Concurrent constraint logic
- Constraint logic
- Dataflow
- Flow-based (FBP)
- Reactive
- Functional
- Functional logic
- Purely functional
- Logic
- Abductive logic
- Answer set
- Concurrent logic
- Functional logic
- Inductive logic
- Probabilistic logic
- Constraint
- Event-driven
- Expression-oriented
- Feature-oriented
- Function-level (as opposed to value-level programming)
- Generic
- Imperative (as opposed to declarative programming)
- Inductive programming
- Language-oriented (LOP)
- Non-structured (as opposed to Structured)
- Nondeterministic
- Probabilistic
- Process-oriented
- Role-oriented
- Semantic-oriented (SOP)
- Structured (as opposed to non-structured programming)
- Block-structured
- Modular
- Concurrent computing
- Relativistic programming
- Concurrent computing
- Object-oriented (OOP)
- Class-based
- Concurrent OOP
- Prototype-based
- Subject-oriented
- Tacit
- Value-level (as opposed to function-level programming)
- Visual
Writing programs
Methodology
Algorithms
- List of algorithms
- List of algorithm general topics
- Algorithm characterizations
- Theory of computation
- Computational complexity theory
- Analysis of algorithms
- Empirical algorithmics
- Big O notation
- Algorithmic efficiency
- Analysis of algorithms
- Algorithmic information theory
- Algorithmic probability
- Algorithmically random sequence
- Computational complexity theory
- Search algorithm
- Sorting algorithm
- Merge algorithm
- String algorithms
- Greedy algorithm
- Reduction
- Sequential algorithm
- Parallel algorithm
- Distributed algorithm
- Deterministic algorithm
- Randomized algorithm
- Quantum algorithm
Programming languages
Programming language – formal constructed language designed to communicate instructions to a machine, particularly a computer. Programming languages can be used to create programs to control the behavior of a machine or to express algorithms.
- Generational list of programming languages
- List of programming languages by type
- Alphabetical list of programming languages
- Comparison of programming languages
- Programming language dialect
- Programming language theory
- Formal semantics of programming languages
- Assembly language
- Macro
Attributes of programming languages
- Domain-specific language
- Dynamic programming language
- Esoteric programming language
- Extensible programming language
- High-level programming language
- Interpreted language
- Low-level programming language
- Machine programming language
- Multi-paradigm programming language
- Non-English-based programming language
- Object-based language
- Off-side rule programming language
- Reflective programming language
- Synchronous programming language
- Very high-level programming language
Popular languages
The top 20 most popular programming languages as of December 2022:[3]
Anatomy of a programming language
- Syntax
- Lexical grammar
- Semicolons
- Values
- Types
- Operators
- Program structures
- Variables
- Expressions
- Statements
- Keywords and reserved words
- Control structures
- Subroutines (also known as functions)
- Loops
- For loops
- While loops
- Conditionals
- If-then
- If-then-else
- Case and switch statements
- Control flow
- Data structures
- Objects
- Arrays
- Regular expressions
Comparisons of programming languages
Programming language comparisons
- General comparison
- Basic syntax
- Basic instructions
- Exception handling
- Enumerated types
- Anonymous functions
- Conditional expressions
- Functional instructions
- Arrays
- Associative arrays
- String operations
- String functions
- List comprehension
- Object-oriented programming
- Object-oriented constructors
- While loops
- For loops
- Evaluation strategy
- List of "Hello World" programs
- Languages with dependent types
- Comparison of type systems
Comparisons of individual languages
- Java and .NET platforms
- ALGOL 58's influence on ALGOL 60
- ALGOL 60: Comparisons with other languages
- Comparison of ALGOL 68 and C++
- ALGOL 68: Comparisons with other languages
- Compatibility of C and C++
- Comparison of Pascal and Borland Delphi
- Comparison of Object Pascal and C
- Comparison of Pascal and C
- Comparison of Java and C++
- Comparison of C# and Java
- Comparison of C# and Visual Basic .NET
- Comparison of Visual Basic and Visual Basic .NET
Compilation
Software
- Computer program
- Hello world (a common form of example program for learning programmers)
- Application software
- Programming software
- System software
Components
Software development
- Software development
Software engineering
See also
- Outline of computers
- Outline of computing
- Outline of computer science
- Outline of artificial intelligence
- Outline of cryptography
- Outline of the Internet
- Outline of Google
- Outline of software
- Types of software
- Outline of free software
- Outline of search engines
- Outline of software development
- Outline of software engineering
- Outline of web design and web development
- Outline of computer programming
- Programming languages
- Outline of C++
- Outline of Perl
- Programming languages
- Types of software
- Outline of computer science
- Outline of computing
References
- Shaun Bebbington (2014). "What is coding". Retrieved 2014-03-03.
- Shaun Bebbington (2014). "What is programming". Retrieved 2014-03-03.
- "index | TIOBE - The Software Quality Company". www.tiobe.com. Retrieved 2022-12-27.
External links
- How to Think Like a Computer Scientist - by Jeffrey Elkner, Allen B. Downey and Chris Meyers
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