Modifier letter left half ring

The modifier letter left half ring ⟨ʿ⟩ is a character of the Unicode Spacing Modifier Letters range (although it is not a modifier but a standalone grapheme).[1] It is used in romanization to transliterate the Semitic letter ayin after it was used by The Encyclopedia of Islam (later the International Journal of Middle East Studies),[2] representing the sound /ʕ/ (a voiced pharyngeal fricative, as in Arabic ع ʿayn). In informal contexts, the backtick ⟨`⟩ or the apostrophe ⟨'⟩ is commonly used as a substitute.

ʿ
Modifier letter left half ring
U+02BF ʿ MODIFIER LETTER LEFT HALF RING.
See also
U+02BE ʾ MODIFIER LETTER RIGHT HALF RING
U+0351 ◌͑ COMBINING LEFT HALF RING ABOVE
U+0357 ◌͗ COMBINING RIGHT HALF RING ABOVE

See also
  • Modifier letter right half ring
  • Half ring
  • Apostrophe
  • Spiritus asper

References
  1. Spacing Modifier Letters. The Unicode Consortium, 1991–2022.
  2. IJMES Translation and Transliteration Guide. Cambridge University Press. Archived from the original on 8 February 2022.


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