struct syscall_result { long val; int errno; }; static struct syscall_result syscall_return(long result) { struct syscall_result res; if (((unsigned long)result) >= ((unsigned long)-125)) { res.errno = - result; res.val = -1; } else { res.errno = 0; res.val = result; } return res; } static struct syscall_result syscall0(unsigned long nr) { long res; asm volatile( "int $0x80" : "=a" (res) : "a" (nr)); return syscall_return(res); } static struct syscall_result syscall1(unsigned long nr, unsigned long arg1) { long res; asm volatile( "int $0x80" : "=a" (res) : "a" (nr), "b" (arg1)); return syscall_return(res); } static struct syscall_result syscall2(unsigned long nr, unsigned long arg1, unsigned long arg2) { long res; asm volatile( "int $0x80" : "=a" (res) : "a" (nr), "b" (arg1), "c" (arg2)); return syscall_return(res); } static struct syscall_result syscall3(unsigned long nr, unsigned long arg1, unsigned long arg2, unsigned long arg3) { long res; asm volatile( "int $0x80" : "=a" (res) : "a" (nr), "b" (arg1), "c" (arg2), "d" (arg3)); return syscall_return(res); } static struct syscall_result syscall4(unsigned long nr, unsigned long arg1, unsigned long arg2, unsigned long arg3, unsigned long arg4) { long res; asm volatile( "int $0x80" : "=a" (res) : "a" (nr), "b" (arg1), "c" (arg2), "d" (arg3), "S" (arg4)); return syscall_return(res); } static struct syscall_result syscall5(unsigned long nr, unsigned long arg1, unsigned long arg2, unsigned long arg3, unsigned long arg4, unsigned long arg5) { long res; asm volatile( "int $0x80" : "=a" (res) : "a" (nr), "b" (arg1), "c" (arg2), "d" (arg3), "S" (arg4), "D" (arg5)); return syscall_return(res); } #define NR_exit 1 #define NR_fork 2 #define NR_read 3 #define NR_write 4 #define NR_open 5 #define NR_close 6 #define NR_waitpid 7 #define NR_creat 8 #define NR_link 9 #define NR_unlink 10 #define NR_execve 11 #define NR_chdir 12 #define NR_time 13 #define NR_mknod 14 #define NR_chmod 15 #define NR_lchown 16 #define NR_break 17 #define NR_oldstat 18 #define NR_lseek 19 #define NR_getpid 20 #define NR_mount 21 #define NR_umount 22 #define NR_setuid 23 #define NR_getuid 24 #define NR_stime 25 #define NR_ptrace 26 #define NR_alarm 27 #define NR_oldfstat 28 #define NR_pause 29 #define NR_utime 30 #define NR_stty 31 #define NR_gtty 32 #define NR_access 33 #define NR_nice 34 #define NR_ftime 35 #define NR_sync 36 #define NR_kill 37 #define NR_rename 38 #define NR_mkdir 39 #define NR_rmdir 40 #define NR_dup 41 #define NR_pipe 42 #define NR_times 43 #define NR_prof 44 #define NR_brk 45 #define NR_setgid 46 #define NR_getgid 47 #define NR_signal 48 #define NR_geteuid 49 #define NR_getegid 50 #define NR_acct 51 #define NR_umount2 52 #define NR_lock 53 #define NR_ioctl 54 #define NR_fcntl 55 #define NR_mpx 56 #define NR_setpgid 57 #define NR_ulimit 58 #define NR_oldolduname 59 #define NR_umask 60 #define NR_chroot 61 #define NR_ustat 62 #define NR_dup2 63 #define NR_getppid 64 #define NR_getpgrp 65 #define NR_setsid 66 #define NR_sigaction 67 #define NR_sgetmask 68 #define NR_ssetmask 69 #define NR_setreuid 70 #define NR_setregid 71 #define NR_sigsuspend 72 #define NR_sigpending 73 #define NR_sethostname 74 #define NR_setrlimit 75 #define NR_getrlimit 76 #define NR_getrusage 77 #define NR_gettimeofday 78 #define NR_settimeofday 79 #define NR_getgroups 80 #define NR_setgroups 81 #define NR_select 82 #define NR_symlink 83 #define NR_oldlstat 84 #define NR_readlink 85 #define NR_uselib 86 #define NR_swapon 87 #define NR_reboot 88 #define NR_readdir 89 #define NR_mmap 90 #define NR_munmap 91 #define NR_truncate 92 #define NR_ftruncate 93 #define NR_fchmod 94 #define NR_fchown 95 #define NR_getpriority 96 #define NR_setpriority 97 #define NR_profil 98 #define NR_statfs 99 #define NR_fstatfs 100 #define NR_ioperm 101 #define NR_socketcall 102 #define NR_syslog 103 #define NR_setitimer 104 #define NR_getitimer 105 #define NR_stat 106 #define NR_lstat 107 #define NR_fstat 108 #define NR_olduname 109 #define NR_iopl 110 #define NR_vhangup 111 #define NR_idle 112 #define NR_vm86old 113 #define NR_wait4 114 #define NR_swapoff 115 #define NR_sysinfo 116 #define NR_ipc 117 #define NR_fsync 118 #define NR_sigreturn 119 #define NR_clone 120 #define NR_setdomainname 121 #define NR_uname 122 #define NR_modify_ldt 123 #define NR_adjtimex 124 #define NR_mprotect 125 #define NR_sigprocmask 126 #define NR_create_module 127 #define NR_init_module 128 #define NR_delete_module 129 #define NR_get_kernel_syms 130 #define NR_quotactl 131 #define NR_getpgid 132 #define NR_fchdir 133 #define NR_bdflush 134 #define NR_sysfs 135 #define NR_personality 136 #define NR_afs_syscall 137 /* Syscall for Andrew File System */ #define NR_setfsuid 138 #define NR_setfsgid 139 #define NR__llseek 140 #define NR_getdents 141 #define NR__newselect 142 #define NR_flock 143 #define NR_msync 144 #define NR_readv 145 #define NR_writev 146 #define NR_getsid 147 #define NR_fdatasync 148 #define NR__sysctl 149 #define NR_mlock 150 #define NR_munlock 151 #define NR_mlockall 152 #define NR_munlockall 153 #define NR_sched_setparam 154 #define NR_sched_getparam 155 #define NR_sched_setscheduler 156 #define NR_sched_getscheduler 157 #define NR_sched_yield 158 #define NR_sched_get_priority_max 159 #define NR_sched_get_priority_min 160 #define NR_sched_rr_get_interval 161 #define NR_nanosleep 162 #define NR_mremap 163 #define NR_setresuid 164 #define NR_getresuid 165 #define NR_vm86 166 #define NR_query_module 167 #define NR_poll 168 #define NR_nfsservctl 169 #define NR_setresgid 170 #define NR_getresgid 171 #define NR_prctl 172 #define NR_rt_sigreturn 173 #define NR_rt_sigaction 174 #define NR_rt_sigprocmask 175 #define NR_rt_sigpending 176 #define NR_rt_sigtimedwait 177 #define NR_rt_sigqueueinfo 178 #define NR_rt_sigsuspend 179 #define NR_pread 180 #define NR_pwrite 181 #define NR_chown 182 #define NR_getcwd 183 #define NR_capget 184 #define NR_capset 185 #define NR_sigaltstack 186 #define NR_sendfile 187 #define NR_getpmsg 188 /* some people actually want streams */ #define NR_putpmsg 189 /* some people actually want streams */ #define NR_vfork 190 typedef long ssize_t; typedef unsigned long size_t; /* Standard file descriptors */ #define STDIN_FILENO 0 /* Standard input */ #define STDOUT_FILENO 1 /* Standard output */ #define STDERR_FILENO 2 /* Standard error output */ static ssize_t write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count) { struct syscall_result res; res = syscall3(NR_write, fd, (unsigned long)buf, count); return res.val; } static void _exit(int status) { struct syscall_result res; res = syscall1(NR_exit, status); } static void main(void) { static const char msg[] = "hello world\r\n"; write(STDOUT_FILENO, msg, sizeof(msg)); _exit(0); }