// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// <copyright file="InteropUtilities.cs" company="HandBrake Project (http://handbrake.fr)">
//   This file is part of the HandBrake source code - It may be used under the terms of the GNU General Public License.
// </copyright>
// <summary>
//   Helper utilities for native interop.
// </summary>
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

namespace HandBrake.ApplicationServices.Interop.Helpers
{
    using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Linq;
    using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
    using System.Text;

    using HandBrake.ApplicationServices.Interop.HbLib;

    /// <summary>
    /// Helper utilities for native interop.
    /// </summary>
    internal static class InteropUtilities
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Reads the given native structure pointer.
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="T">The type to convert the structure to.</typeparam>
        /// <param name="structPtr">The pointer to the native structure.</param>
        /// <returns>The converted structure.</returns>
        public static T ToStructureFromPtr<T>(IntPtr structPtr)
        {
            return (T)Marshal.PtrToStructure(structPtr, typeof(T));
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Reads the given native UTF-8 string.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="stringPtr">The pointer to the string.</param>
        /// <returns>The resulting string.</returns>
        public static string ToStringFromUtf8Ptr(IntPtr stringPtr)
        {
            var data = new List<byte>();
            var ptr = stringPtr;
            var offset = 0;
            while (true)
            {
                byte ch = Marshal.ReadByte(ptr, offset++);
                if (ch == 0)
                {
                    break;
                }

                data.Add(ch);
            }

            return Encoding.UTF8.GetString(data.ToArray());
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Creates a pointer to a UTF-8 null-terminated string.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="str">
        /// The string to encode.
        /// </param>
        /// <returns>
        /// The <see cref="IntPtr"/>.
        /// </returns>
        public static IntPtr ToUtf8PtrFromString(string str)
        {
            byte[] bytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(str);
            IntPtr stringPtr = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(bytes.Length + 1);
            var offset = 0;
            foreach (byte b in bytes)
            {
                Marshal.WriteByte(stringPtr, offset, b);
                offset++;
            }

            Marshal.WriteByte(stringPtr, offset, 0);
            return stringPtr;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Converts the given native HandBrake list to a managed list.
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="T">The type of structure in the list.</typeparam>
        /// <param name="listPtr">The pointer to the native list.</param>
        /// <returns>The converted managed list.</returns>
        public static List<T> ToListFromHandBrakeList<T>(this IntPtr listPtr)
        {
            List<T> returnList = new List<T>();
            NativeList nativeList = new NativeList(listPtr);

            for (int i = 0; i < nativeList.Count; i++)
            {
                IntPtr itemPtr = nativeList[i];
                returnList.Add(ToStructureFromPtr<T>(itemPtr));
            }

            return returnList;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Converts the HB list to a managed list of pointers.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="listPtr">The list to convert.</param>
        /// <returns>The managed list of pointers.</returns>
        public static List<IntPtr> ToIntPtrList(this IntPtr listPtr)
        {
            var returnList = new List<IntPtr>();
            NativeList nativeList = new NativeList(listPtr);

            for (int i = 0; i < nativeList.Count; i++)
            {
                IntPtr itemPtr = nativeList[i];
                returnList.Add(itemPtr);
            }

            return returnList;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Converts the given native array to a managed collection.
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="T">The type of item in the list.</typeparam>
        /// <param name="arrayPtr">The pointer to the array.</param>
        /// <param name="count">The number of items in the array.</param>
        /// <returns>The converted collection.</returns>
        public static List<T> ToListFromNativeArray<T>(IntPtr arrayPtr, int count)
        {
            IntPtr currentItem = arrayPtr;

            var result = new List<T>();
            for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
            {
                T nativeEncoder = ToStructureFromPtr<T>(currentItem);
                result.Add(nativeEncoder);

                currentItem = IntPtr.Add(currentItem, Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(T)));
            }

            return result;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Takes an array pointer and converts it into a list of strings.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="arrayPtr">A pointer to a raw list of strings.</param>
        /// <returns>The list of strings.</returns>
        public static List<string> ToStringListFromArrayPtr(IntPtr arrayPtr)
        {
            if (arrayPtr == IntPtr.Zero)
            {
                return null;
            }

            return ToPtrListFromPtr(arrayPtr).Select(ptr => Marshal.PtrToStringAnsi(ptr)).ToList();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Finds all the pointers starting at the given location and puts them in a list. Stops when it finds zero for a pointer.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="arrayPtr">The address of the list of pointers.</param>
        /// <returns>The list of pointers.</returns>
        public static List<IntPtr> ToPtrListFromPtr(IntPtr arrayPtr)
        {
            var result = new List<IntPtr>();
            int ptrSize = Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(IntPtr));
            IntPtr currentPtr = Marshal.ReadIntPtr(arrayPtr);
            for (int i = 0; currentPtr != IntPtr.Zero; i++)
            {
                result.Add(currentPtr);
                currentPtr = Marshal.ReadIntPtr(arrayPtr, (i + 1) * ptrSize);
            }

            return result;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Creates a native HandBrake list from the given managed list of pointers.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="list">The managed list to convert.</param>
        /// <returns>The converted native list.</returns>
        public static NativeList ToHandBrakeListFromPtrList(List<IntPtr> list)
        {
            NativeList returnList = NativeList.CreateList();

            foreach (IntPtr ptr in list)
            {
                returnList.Add(ptr);
            }

            return returnList;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Creates a native HandBrake list from the given managed list of structures.
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="T">The type of structures in the list.</typeparam>
        /// <param name="list">The managed list to convert.</param>
        /// <returns>The converted native list.</returns>
        public static NativeList ToHandBrakeListFromList<T>(List<T> list)
        {
            NativeList returnList = NativeList.CreateList();
            foreach (T item in list)
            {
                IntPtr itemPtr = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(T)));
                returnList.AllocatedMemory.Add(itemPtr);
                Marshal.StructureToPtr(item, itemPtr, false);

                returnList.Add(itemPtr);
            }

            return returnList;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Reads in a list of objects given an interator and a conversion function.
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="T1">The type of the struct given by the iterator.</typeparam>
        /// <typeparam name="T2">The object type to convert to.</typeparam>
        /// <param name="iterator">The iterator to use to build the list.</param>
        /// <param name="converter">The converter to convert from the struct to the object.</param>
        /// <returns>The list of objects.</returns>
        public static List<T2> ToListFromIterator<T1, T2>(Func<IntPtr, IntPtr> iterator, Func<T1, T2> converter)
        {
            return ToListFromIterator<T1>(iterator).Select(converter).ToList();
        } 

        /// <summary>
        /// Reads in a list of structs given an iterator.
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="T">The type of the struct.</typeparam>
        /// <param name="iterator">The iterator to use to build the list.</param>
        /// <returns>The list of structs.</returns>
        public static List<T> ToListFromIterator<T>(Func<IntPtr, IntPtr> iterator)
        {
            var structureList = new List<T>();
            IntPtr current = IntPtr.Zero;

            current = iterator(current);
            while (current != IntPtr.Zero)
            {
                T encoder = ToStructureFromPtr<T>(current);
                structureList.Add(encoder);

                current = iterator(current);
            }

            return structureList;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Closes the given job.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="nativeJobPtr">The pointer to the job.</param>
        public static void CloseJob(IntPtr nativeJobPtr)
        {
            // Create a point to the job pointer first.
            IntPtr nativeJobPtrPtr = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(IntPtr)));

            // Assign the new pointer to the job pointer and tell HB to clean the job up.
            Marshal.WriteIntPtr(nativeJobPtrPtr, nativeJobPtr);
            HBFunctions.hb_job_close(nativeJobPtrPtr);

            // Free the pointer we used.
            Marshal.FreeHGlobal(nativeJobPtrPtr);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Frees all the memory locations in the given list.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="memoryList">The list of memory locations to free.</param>
        public static void FreeMemory(List<IntPtr> memoryList)
        {
            foreach (IntPtr memoryLocation in memoryList)
            {
                Marshal.FreeHGlobal(memoryLocation);
            }
        }
    }
}