19 Diagnostics library [diagnostics]

The C++ standard library provides classes to be used to report certain errors ([res.on.exception.handling]) in C++ programs.

In the error model reflected in these classes, errors are divided into two broad categories: logic errors and runtime errors.

The distinguishing characteristic of logic errors is that they are due to errors in the internal logic of the program.

In theory, they are preventable.

By contrast, runtime errors are due to events beyond the scope of the program.

They cannot be easily predicted in advance.

The header <stdexcept> defines several types of predefined exceptions for reporting errors in a C++ program.

These exceptions are related by inheritance.